{"id":1455,"date":"2022-01-11T22:44:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T22:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/?page_id=1455"},"modified":"2023-02-08T20:09:59","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T20:09:59","slug":"reishi-popis-a-slozeni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/?page_id=1455","title":{"rendered":"Reishi popis a slo\u017een\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script src=\"https:\/\/code.responsivevoice.org\/responsivevoice.js?key=zOyPaRpl\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><button id=\"listenButton1\" class=\"responsivevoice-button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Play\" title=\"ResponsiveVoice Tap to Start\/Stop Speech\"><span>&#128266; Zvukov\u00fd p\u0159epis str\u00e1nky<\/span><\/button>\n        <script>\n            listenButton1.onclick = function(){\n                if(responsiveVoice.isPlaying()){\n                    responsiveVoice.cancel();\n                }else{\n                    responsiveVoice.speak(\"V\u011bt\u0161ina hub se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 % hmotnosti vody.\u00a0Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 10 % tvo\u0159\u00ed 10\u201340 % b\u00edlkovin, 2\u20138 % tuk\u016f, 3\u201328 % sacharid\u016f, 3\u201332 % vl\u00e1kniny, 8\u201310 % popela a n\u011bkter\u00fdch vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f, s drasl\u00edkem, v\u00e1pn\u00edkem, fosforem, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem. selen, \u017eelezo, zinek a m\u011b\u010f p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu obsahu miner\u00e1l\u016f (\u00a0Borchers et al. 1999\u00a0).\u00a0P\u0159i studiu net\u011bkav\u00fdch slo\u017eek\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee houba obsahuje 1,8 % popela, 26\u201328 % sacharid\u016f, 3\u20135 % hrub\u00e9ho tuku, 59 % hrub\u00e9 vl\u00e1kniny a 7\u20138 % hrub\u00fdch b\u00edlkovin (\u00a0Mau , Lin a Chen 2001\u00a0). Krom\u011b toho houby obsahuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu bioaktivn\u00edch molekul, jako jsou terpenoidy, steroidy, fenoly, nukleotidy a jejich deriv\u00e1ty, glykoproteiny a polysacharidy.\u00a0Houbov\u00e9 proteiny obsahuj\u00ed v\u0161echny esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aminokyseliny a jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bohat\u00e9 na lysin a leucin.\u00a0N\u00edzk\u00fd celkov\u00fd obsah tuku a vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl polynenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin v pom\u011bru k celkov\u00fdm mastn\u00fdm kyselin\u00e1m hub jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bvatele ke zdravotn\u00ed hodnot\u011b hub (\u00a0Chang a Buswell 1996\u00a0;\u00a0Borchers a kol. 1999\u00a0;\u00a0Sanodiya a kol. 2009\u00a0). Polysacharidy, peptidoglykany a triterpeny jsou t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed fyziologicky aktivn\u00ed slo\u017eky v\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0(\u00a0Boh et al. 2007\u00a0;\u00a0Zhou et al. 2007\u00a0).\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed a procento ka\u017ed\u00e9 slo\u017eky m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch a komer\u010dn\u00edch produktech velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e9, jak dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00fadaje uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0tabulce 9.1\u00a0.\u00a0Kdy\u017e bylo 11 n\u00e1hodn\u011b vybran\u00fdch vzork\u016f komer\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f lingzhi zakoupen\u00fdch v hongkongsk\u00fdch obchodech hodnoceno na dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed aktivn\u00ed slo\u017eky, triterpeny a polysacharidy, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee obsah triterpen\u016f se pohyboval od nedetekovateln\u00fdch do 7,8 % a obsah polysacharid\u016f se pohyboval v rozmez\u00ed 1,1\u20135,8 %. (\u00a0Chang a Buswell 2008).\u00a0Takov\u00e9 variace mohou nastat z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b rozd\u00edl\u016f v pou\u017eit\u00fdch druz\u00edch nebo kmenech hub a rozd\u00edl\u016f ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch metod\u00e1ch. Houby jsou pozoruhodn\u00e9 rozmanitost\u00ed vysokomolekul\u00e1rn\u00edch polysacharidov\u00fdch struktur, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed, a bioaktivn\u00ed polyglykany se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1stech houby.\u00a0Polysacharidy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed strukturn\u011b rozmanit\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 makromolekuly se \u0161irok\u00fdmi fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi (\u00a0Zhou et al. 2007\u00a0).\u00a0R\u016fzn\u00e9 polysacharidy byly extrahov\u00e1ny z plodov\u00e9ho t\u011bla, spor a mycelia lingzhi;\u00a0jsou produkov\u00e1ny houbov\u00fdm myceliem kultivovan\u00fdm ve fermentorech a mohou se li\u0161it slo\u017een\u00edm cukr\u016f a peptid\u016f a molekulovou hmotnost\u00ed (nap\u0159. ganoderany A, B a C).\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee polysacharidy\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0(GL-PS) vykazuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu bioaktivit, v\u010detn\u011b protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch, hypoglykemick\u00fdch, protiv\u0159edov\u00fdch, protin\u00e1dorov\u00fdch a imunostimula\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f (Miyazaki a Nishijima 1981\u00a0;\u00a0Hikino a kol.\u00a01985\u00a0;\u00a0Tomoda a kol.\u00a01986\u00a0;\u00a0Bao a kol.\u00a02001\u00a0;\u00a0Wachtel-Galor, Buswell a kol.\u00a02004\u00a0).\u00a0Polysacharidy se b\u011b\u017en\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed z hub extrakc\u00ed horkou vodou s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00edm ethanolem nebo methanolem, ale lze je tak\u00e9 extrahovat vodou a z\u00e1sadami.\u00a0Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy GL-PS ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee gluk\u00f3za je jejich hlavn\u00ed cukernou slo\u017ekou (\u00a0Bao et al. 2001\u00a0;\u00a0Wang et al. 2002\u00a0).\u00a0GL-PS jsou v\u0161ak heteropolymery a mohou tak\u00e9 obsahovat xyl\u00f3zu, man\u00f3zu, galakt\u00f3zu a fuk\u00f3zu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch konformac\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b 1\u20133, 1\u20134 a 1\u20136 v\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u03b2 a \u03b1-D (nebo L)-substituc\u00ed (\u00a0Lee, Lee a Lee 1999\u00a0;Bao a kol.\u00a02002\u00a0).\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee vlastnosti v\u011btven\u00ed a rozpustnosti ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 vlastnosti t\u011bchto polysacharid\u016f (\u00a0Bao et al. 2001\u00a0;\u00a0Zhang, Zhang a Chen 2001\u00a0).\u00a0Houba se tak\u00e9 skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z matrice polysacharidu chitinu, kter\u00fd je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pro lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo nestraviteln\u00fd a je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za fyzickou tvrdost houby (\u00a0Upton 2000\u00a0).\u00a0\u010cetn\u00e9 rafinovan\u00e9 polysacharidov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky extrahovan\u00e9 z\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0jsou nyn\u00ed prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako voln\u011b prodejn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater (\u00a0Gao et al. 2005\u00a0). Z\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0byly tak\u00e9 izolov\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 bioaktivn\u00ed peptidoglykany\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0proteoglykanu\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0(GLPG; s antivirovou aktivitou;\u00a0Li, Liu a Zhao 2005\u00a0),\u00a0imunomodula\u010dn\u00ed substance\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0(GLIS;\u00a0Ji et al. 2007\u00a0), PGY (a ve vod\u011b rozpustn\u00fd glykopeptid frakcionovan\u00fd a purifikovan\u00fd z vodn\u00fdch extrakt\u016f\u00a0plod\u016f\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0;\u00a0Wu a Wang 2009\u00a0), peptid GL-PS (GL-PP;\u00a0Ho et al. 2007\u00a0) a F3 (glykoproteinov\u00e1 frakce obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed fuk\u00f3zu;\u00a0Chien et al., 2004\u00a0). Terpeny jsou t\u0159\u00eddou p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch slou\u010denin, jejich\u017e uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kostry jsou slo\u017eeny z jedn\u00e9 nebo v\u00edce izoprenov\u00fdch\u00a0C5\u00a0jednotek.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edklady terpen\u016f jsou mentol (monoterpen) a \u03b2-karoten (tetraterpen).\u00a0Mnoh\u00e9 jsou alkeny, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed jin\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed skupiny a mnoh\u00e9 jsou cyklick\u00e9.\u00a0Tyto slou\u010deniny jsou \u0161iroce distribuov\u00e1ny po cel\u00e9m rostlinn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se v prokaryotech i eukaryotech.\u00a0Bylo tak\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee terpeny maj\u00ed protiz\u00e1n\u011btlivou, protin\u00e1dorovou a hypolipidemickou aktivitu.\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee terpeny v\u00a0Ginkgo biloba\u00a0, rozmar\u00fdnu (\u00a0Rosemarinus officinalis\u00a0) a \u017een\u0161enu (\u00a0Panax ginseng\u00a0) p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zdrav\u00ed podporuj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm t\u011bchto bylin (\u00a0Mahato a Sen 1997\u00a0;Mashour, Lin a Frishman 1998\u00a0;\u00a0Haralampidis, Trojanowska a Osbourn 2002\u00a0). Triterpeny jsou podt\u0159\u00eddou terpen\u016f a maj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kostru C\u00a030\u00a0.\u00a0Obecn\u011b maj\u00ed triterpenoidy molekulov\u00e9 hmotnosti v rozmez\u00ed od 400 do 600 kDa a jejich chemick\u00e1 struktura je slo\u017eit\u00e1 a vysoce oxidovan\u00e1 (\u00a0Mahato a Sen 1997\u00a0;\u00a0Zhou et al. 2007).\u00a0Mnoho rostlinn\u00fdch druh\u016f syntetizuje triterpeny jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho norm\u00e1ln\u00edho programu r\u016fstu a v\u00fdvoje.\u00a0N\u011bkter\u00e9 rostliny obsahuj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m latexu a prysky\u0159ic\u00edch velk\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed triterpen\u016f, o kter\u00fdch se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k odolnosti v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m.\u00a0A\u010dkoli byly z r\u016fzn\u00fdch rostlin izolov\u00e1ny stovky triterpen\u016f a terpeny jako t\u0159\u00edda maj\u00ed mnoho potenci\u00e1ln\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f, dosud existuje pouze omezen\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed triterpen\u016f jako \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch terapeutick\u00fdch \u010dinidel.\u00a0Obecn\u011b je velmi m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1mo o enzymech a biochemick\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch zapojen\u00fdch do jejich biosynt\u00e9zy. U\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0je chemick\u00e1 struktura triterpen\u016f zalo\u017eena na lanostanu, co\u017e je metabolit lanosterolu, jeho\u017e biosynt\u00e9za je zalo\u017eena na cyklizaci skvalenu (\u00a0Haralampidis, Trojanowska a Osbourn 2002\u00a0).\u00a0Extrakce triterpen\u016f se obvykle prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed methanolu, ethanolu, acetonu, chloroformu, etheru nebo sm\u011bsi t\u011bchto rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel.\u00a0Extrakty mohou b\u00fdt d\u00e1le \u010di\u0161t\u011bny r\u016fzn\u00fdmi separa\u010dn\u00edmi metodami, v\u010detn\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed HPLC\u00a0a\u00a0HPLC s reverzn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed (\u00a0Chen et al. 1999\u00a0;\u00a0Su et al. 2001\u00a0).\u00a0Prvn\u00edmi triterpeny izolovan\u00fdmi z\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0jsou ganoderov\u00e9 kyseliny A a B, kter\u00e9 identifikovali\u00a0Kubota et al.\u00a0(1982).\u00a0Od t\u00e9 doby se v\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0vyskytuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 triterpen\u016f se zn\u00e1m\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm a molekul\u00e1rn\u00edmi konfiguracemi\u00a0.\u00a0Mezi nimi bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 nov\u00fdch a jedine\u010dn\u00fdch pro tuto houbu.\u00a0Drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina jsou ganoderic a lucidenic kyseliny, ale tak\u00e9 byly identifikov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed triterpeny, jako ganoderals, ganoderiols a ganodermic kyselin (\u00a0Nishitoba et al. 1984\u00a0;\u00a0Sato a kol. 1986\u00a0;\u00a0Budavari 1989\u00a0;\u00a0Gonzalez a kol 1999.\u00a0;\u00a0Ma a kol 2002\u00a0;\u00a0Akihisa a kol. 2007\u00a0;\u00a0Zhou a kol. 2007\u00a0;\u00a0Jiang a kol. 2008\u00a0;\u00a0Chen a kol. 2010 ). G. lucidum\u00a0je jasn\u011b bohat\u00e1 na triterpeny a je to pr\u00e1v\u011b tato t\u0159\u00edda slou\u010denin, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 bylince jej\u00ed ho\u0159kou chu\u0165 a m\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee j\u00ed prop\u016fj\u010duje r\u016fzn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy, jako je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lipid\u016f a antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.\u00a0Obsah triterpen\u016f se v\u0161ak v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech a f\u00e1z\u00edch r\u016fstu houby li\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Profil r\u016fzn\u00fdch triterpen\u016f v\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0lze pou\u017e\u00edt k odli\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 houby od jin\u00fdch taxonomicky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch druh\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako podp\u016frn\u00fd d\u016fkaz pro klasifikaci.\u00a0Obsah triterpen\u016f lze tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jako m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko kvality r\u016fzn\u00fdch vzork\u016f ganodermy (\u00a0Chen et al. 1999\u00a0;\u00a0Su et al. 2001\u00a0). Element\u00e1rn\u00ed anal\u00fdza log-kultivovan\u00fdch\u00a0plodnic G. lucidum\u00a0odhalila fosfor, oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd, s\u00edra, drasl\u00edk, v\u00e1pn\u00edk a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk jako jejich hlavn\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eky.\u00a0V ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00edch byly tak\u00e9 detekov\u00e1ny \u017eelezo, sod\u00edk, zinek, m\u011b\u010f, mangan a stroncium, stejn\u011b jako t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy olovo, kadmium a rtu\u0165 (\u00a0Chen et al. 1998\u00a0).\u00a0Lyofilizovan\u00e9 plody neidentifikovan\u00fdch\u00a0Ganoderma\u00a0spp.\u00a0shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 z voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody byly hl\u00e1\u0161eny, \u017ee maj\u00ed obsah miner\u00e1l\u016f 10,2 %, s drasl\u00edkem, v\u00e1pn\u00edkem a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem jako hlavn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami (\u00a0Chiu et al. 2000\u00a0).\u00a0Je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee v t\u011bchto vzorc\u00edch nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kadmium ani rtu\u0165.\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 obsahovat a\u017e 72 \u03bcg\/g such\u00e9 hmotnosti selenu (Se;\u00a0Falandysz 2008) a dok\u00e1\u017ee biotransformovat 20\u201330 % anorganick\u00e9ho selenu p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho v r\u016fstov\u00e9m substr\u00e1tu na proteiny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed selen (\u00a0Du et al. 2008\u00a0). Ur\u010dit\u00e1 pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na obsahu germania v\u00a0Ganoderma\u00a0spp.\u00a0Germanium bylo p\u00e1t\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z hlediska koncentrace (489 \u03bcg\/g) mezi miner\u00e1ly zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi v\u00a0plodnic\u00edch G. lucidum\u00a0odebran\u00fdch z voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody (\u00a0Chiu et al. 2000\u00a0).\u00a0Tento miner\u00e1l je tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomen v \u0159\u00e1du d\u00edl\u016f na miliardu v mnoha potravin\u00e1ch rostlinn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, v\u010detn\u011b \u017een\u0161enu, aloe a \u010desneku (\u00a0Mino et al. 1980\u00a0).\u00a0A\u010dkoli germanium nen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edm prvkem, v n\u00edzk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch mu byly p\u0159ipisov\u00e1ny imunopotencia\u010dn\u00ed, protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9, antioxida\u010dn\u00ed a antimutagenn\u00ed aktivity (\u00a0Kolesnikov\u00e1, Tuzova a Kozlov 1997\u00a0).\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, a\u010dkoli obsah germania v\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0byl pou\u017eit k podpo\u0159e\u00a0G. lucidumprodukt\u016f, neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 spolehliv\u00e9 d\u016fkazy spojuj\u00edc\u00ed tento prvek se specifick\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ednosy spojen\u00fdmi s houbami. G. lucidum\u00a0obsahuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k jeho uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9mu l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku, jako jsou proteiny a lektiny.\u00a0Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee\u00a0obsah b\u00edlkovin v su\u0161en\u00e9\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0je kolem 7\u20138 %, co\u017e je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e u mnoha jin\u00fdch hub (\u00a0Chang a Buswell 1996\u00a0;\u00a0Mau, Lin a Chen 2001\u00a0).\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee bioaktivn\u00ed proteiny p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdm vlastnostem\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b LZ-8, imunosupresivn\u00edho proteinu purifikovan\u00e9ho z mycelia (\u00a0Van Der Hem et al. 1995\u00a0);\u00a0peptidov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek (GLP) vykazuj\u00edc\u00ed hepatoprotektivn\u00ed a antioxida\u010dn\u00ed aktivity (\u00a0Sun, He a Xie 2004;\u00a0Shi, Sun a kol.\u00a02008);\u00a0a 15-kDa antifung\u00e1ln\u00ed protein, ganodermin, kter\u00fd je izolov\u00e1n z\u00a0plodnic\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0(\u00a0Wang a Ng. 2006\u00a0). Byl zkoum\u00e1n obsah sacharid\u016f a hrub\u00e9 vl\u00e1kniny v su\u0161en\u00e9 houb\u011b a bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee je 26\u201328 % a 59 %, v tomto po\u0159ad\u00ed (\u00a0Mau, Lin a Chen 2001\u00a0).\u00a0Lektiny byly tak\u00e9 izolov\u00e1ny z plodov\u00e9ho t\u011bla a mycelia houby (\u00a0Kawagishi et al. 1997\u00a0), v\u010detn\u011b nov\u00e9ho 114-kDa hexamern\u00edho lektinu, o kter\u00e9m bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee jde o glykoprotein s 9,3 % neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho cukru a vykazuj\u00edc\u00ed hemaglutina\u010dn\u00ed aktivitu na pron\u00e1zou o\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 erytrocyty (\u00a0Thakur et al. 2007\u00a0).\u00a0Lektiny (z latinsk\u00e9ho slova\u00a0legere, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 vyzvednout, vybrat) jsou neenzymatick\u00e9 proteiny nebo glykoproteiny, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sacharidy.\u00a0Mnoho druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at, rostlin a mikroorganism\u016f produkuje lektiny a vykazuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu funkc\u00ed.\u00a0U zv\u00ed\u0159at se nap\u0159\u00edklad lektiny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch proces\u016f a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (\u00a0Wang, Ng a Ooi 1998\u00a0). Dal\u0161\u00ed slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 byly izolov\u00e1ny z\u00a0G. lucidum,\u00a0zahrnuj\u00ed enzymy, jako je metaloprote\u00e1za, kter\u00e1 zpomaluje dobu sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed;\u00a0ergosterolu (provitamin D\u00a02\u00a0);\u00a0nukleosidy;\u00a0a nukleotidy (adenosin a guanosin;\u00a0Wasser 2005\u00a0;\u00a0Paterson 2006\u00a0).\u00a0Kim a Nho (2004)\u00a0tak\u00e9 popsali izola\u010dn\u00ed a fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti vysoce specifick\u00e9ho a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho reverzibiln\u00edho inhibitoru \u03b1-glukosid\u00e1zy, SKG-3, z\u00a0plodnic G. lucidum\u00a0.\u00a0D\u00e1le\u00a0bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno, \u017ee spory\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0obsahuj\u00ed sm\u011bs n\u011bkolika mastn\u00fdch kyselin s dlouh\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b houby (\u00a0Fukuzawa et al. 2008 ). Zdroj: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/\", \"Czech Female\");\n                }\n            };\n        <\/script>\n    <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-944\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/apfreishi-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/apfreishi-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/apfreishi-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/apfreishi-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina hub se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 % hmotnosti vody.\u00a0Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 10 % tvo\u0159\u00ed 10\u201340 % b\u00edlkovin, 2\u20138 % tuk\u016f, 3\u201328 % sacharid\u016f, 3\u201332 % vl\u00e1kniny, 8\u201310 % popela a n\u011bkter\u00fdch vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f, s drasl\u00edkem, v\u00e1pn\u00edkem, fosforem, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem. selen, \u017eelezo, zinek a m\u011b\u010f p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu obsahu miner\u00e1l\u016f (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Borchers et al. 1999<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0P\u0159i studiu net\u011bkav\u00fdch slo\u017eek\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee houba obsahuje 1,8 % popela, 26\u201328 % sacharid\u016f, 3\u20135 % hrub\u00e9ho tuku, 59 % hrub\u00e9 vl\u00e1kniny a 7\u20138 % hrub\u00fdch b\u00edlkovin (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r101\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Mau , Lin a Chen 2001<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho houby obsahuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu bioaktivn\u00edch molekul, jako jsou terpenoidy, steroidy, fenoly, nukleotidy a jejich deriv\u00e1ty, glykoproteiny a polysacharidy.\u00a0Houbov\u00e9 proteiny obsahuj\u00ed v\u0161echny esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aminokyseliny a jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bohat\u00e9 na lysin a leucin.\u00a0N\u00edzk\u00fd celkov\u00fd obsah tuku a vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl polynenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin v pom\u011bru k celkov\u00fdm mastn\u00fdm kyselin\u00e1m hub jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bvatele ke zdravotn\u00ed hodnot\u011b hub (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r13\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chang a Buswell 1996<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Borchers a kol. 1999<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r124\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Sanodiya a kol. 2009<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>Polysacharidy, peptidoglykany a triterpeny jsou t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed fyziologicky aktivn\u00ed slo\u017eky v\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0(\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Boh et al. 2007<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r182\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Zhou et al. 2007<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed a procento ka\u017ed\u00e9 slo\u017eky m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch a komer\u010dn\u00edch produktech velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e9, jak dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00fadaje uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0<a class=\"figpopup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/table\/ch9-t1\/?report=objectonly\" target=\"object\" rel=\"noopener\">tabulce 9.1<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Kdy\u017e bylo 11 n\u00e1hodn\u011b vybran\u00fdch vzork\u016f komer\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f lingzhi zakoupen\u00fdch v hongkongsk\u00fdch obchodech hodnoceno na dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed aktivn\u00ed slo\u017eky, triterpeny a polysacharidy, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee obsah triterpen\u016f se pohyboval od nedetekovateln\u00fdch do 7,8 % a obsah polysacharid\u016f se pohyboval v rozmez\u00ed 1,1\u20135,8 %. (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r15\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chang a Buswell 2008<\/a>).\u00a0Takov\u00e9 variace mohou nastat z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b rozd\u00edl\u016f v pou\u017eit\u00fdch druz\u00edch nebo kmenech hub a rozd\u00edl\u016f ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch metod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1057\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-landscape-2641555_640-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-landscape-2641555_640-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-landscape-2641555_640.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Houby jsou pozoruhodn\u00e9 rozmanitost\u00ed vysokomolekul\u00e1rn\u00edch polysacharidov\u00fdch struktur, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed, a bioaktivn\u00ed polyglykany se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1stech houby.\u00a0Polysacharidy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed strukturn\u011b rozmanit\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 makromolekuly se \u0161irok\u00fdmi fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r182\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Zhou et al. 2007<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0R\u016fzn\u00e9 polysacharidy byly extrahov\u00e1ny z plodov\u00e9ho t\u011bla, spor a mycelia lingzhi;\u00a0jsou produkov\u00e1ny houbov\u00fdm myceliem kultivovan\u00fdm ve fermentorech a mohou se li\u0161it slo\u017een\u00edm cukr\u016f a peptid\u016f a molekulovou hmotnost\u00ed (nap\u0159. ganoderany A, B a C).\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee polysacharidy\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0(GL-PS) vykazuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu bioaktivit, v\u010detn\u011b protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch, hypoglykemick\u00fdch, protiv\u0159edov\u00fdch, protin\u00e1dorov\u00fdch a imunostimula\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f (<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r109\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Miyazaki a Nishijima 1981<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r51\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Hikino a kol.\u00a01985<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r145\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Tomoda a kol.\u00a01986<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Bao a kol.\u00a02001<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r148\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Wachtel-Galor, Buswell a kol.\u00a02004<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Polysacharidy se b\u011b\u017en\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed z hub extrakc\u00ed horkou vodou s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00edm ethanolem nebo methanolem, ale lze je tak\u00e9 extrahovat vodou a z\u00e1sadami.\u00a0Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy GL-PS ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee gluk\u00f3za je jejich hlavn\u00ed cukernou slo\u017ekou (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Bao et al. 2001<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r152\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Wang et al. 2002<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0GL-PS jsou v\u0161ak heteropolymery a mohou tak\u00e9 obsahovat xyl\u00f3zu, man\u00f3zu, galakt\u00f3zu a fuk\u00f3zu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch konformac\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b 1\u20133, 1\u20134 a 1\u20136 v\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u03b2 a \u03b1-D (nebo L)-substituc\u00ed (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r78\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Lee, Lee a Lee 1999<\/a>\u00a0;<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Bao a kol.\u00a02002<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee vlastnosti v\u011btven\u00ed a rozpustnosti ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 vlastnosti t\u011bchto polysacharid\u016f (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Bao et al. 2001<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r177\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Zhang, Zhang a Chen 2001<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Houba se tak\u00e9 skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z matrice polysacharidu chitinu, kter\u00fd je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pro lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo nestraviteln\u00fd a je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za fyzickou tvrdost houby (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r146\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Upton 2000<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0\u010cetn\u00e9 rafinovan\u00e9 polysacharidov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky extrahovan\u00e9 z\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0jsou nyn\u00ed prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako voln\u011b prodejn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r35\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Gao et al. 2005<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0byly tak\u00e9 izolov\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 bioaktivn\u00ed peptidoglykany\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0proteoglykanu\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0(GLPG; s antivirovou aktivitou;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r82\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Li, Liu a Zhao 2005<\/a>\u00a0),\u00a0imunomodula\u010dn\u00ed substance\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0(GLIS;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r58\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Ji et al. 2007<\/a>\u00a0), PGY (a ve vod\u011b rozpustn\u00fd glykopeptid frakcionovan\u00fd a purifikovan\u00fd z vodn\u00fdch extrakt\u016f\u00a0plod\u016f\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r163\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Wu a Wang 2009<\/a>\u00a0), peptid GL-PS (GL-PP;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r52\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Ho et al. 2007<\/a>\u00a0) a F3 (glykoproteinov\u00e1 frakce obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed fuk\u00f3zu;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r22\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chien et al., 2004<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1458\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi3-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi3-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi3.png 612w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Terpeny jsou t\u0159\u00eddou p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch slou\u010denin, jejich\u017e uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 kostry jsou slo\u017eeny z jedn\u00e9 nebo v\u00edce izoprenov\u00fdch\u00a0<sub>C5<\/sub>\u00a0jednotek.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edklady terpen\u016f jsou mentol (monoterpen) a \u03b2-karoten (tetraterpen).\u00a0Mnoh\u00e9 jsou alkeny, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed jin\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed skupiny a mnoh\u00e9 jsou cyklick\u00e9.\u00a0Tyto slou\u010deniny jsou \u0161iroce distribuov\u00e1ny po cel\u00e9m rostlinn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se v prokaryotech i eukaryotech.\u00a0Bylo tak\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee terpeny maj\u00ed protiz\u00e1n\u011btlivou, protin\u00e1dorovou a hypolipidemickou aktivitu.\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee terpeny v\u00a0<i>Ginkgo biloba<\/i>\u00a0, rozmar\u00fdnu (\u00a0<i>Rosemarinus officinalis<\/i>\u00a0) a \u017een\u0161enu (\u00a0<i>Panax ginseng<\/i>\u00a0) p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zdrav\u00ed podporuj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm t\u011bchto bylin (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r98\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Mahato a Sen 1997<\/a>\u00a0;<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r100\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Mashour, Lin a Frishman 1998<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r47\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Haralampidis, Trojanowska a Osbourn 2002<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>Triterpeny jsou podt\u0159\u00eddou terpen\u016f a maj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kostru C\u00a0<sub>30<\/sub>\u00a0.\u00a0Obecn\u011b maj\u00ed triterpenoidy molekulov\u00e9 hmotnosti v rozmez\u00ed od 400 do 600 kDa a jejich chemick\u00e1 struktura je slo\u017eit\u00e1 a vysoce oxidovan\u00e1 (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r98\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Mahato a Sen 1997<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r182\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Zhou et al. 2007<\/a>).\u00a0Mnoho rostlinn\u00fdch druh\u016f syntetizuje triterpeny jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho norm\u00e1ln\u00edho programu r\u016fstu a v\u00fdvoje.\u00a0N\u011bkter\u00e9 rostliny obsahuj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m latexu a prysky\u0159ic\u00edch velk\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed triterpen\u016f, o kter\u00fdch se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k odolnosti v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m.\u00a0A\u010dkoli byly z r\u016fzn\u00fdch rostlin izolov\u00e1ny stovky triterpen\u016f a terpeny jako t\u0159\u00edda maj\u00ed mnoho potenci\u00e1ln\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f, dosud existuje pouze omezen\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed triterpen\u016f jako \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch terapeutick\u00fdch \u010dinidel.\u00a0Obecn\u011b je velmi m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1mo o enzymech a biochemick\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch zapojen\u00fdch do jejich biosynt\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n<p>U\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0je chemick\u00e1 struktura triterpen\u016f zalo\u017eena na lanostanu, co\u017e je metabolit lanosterolu, jeho\u017e biosynt\u00e9za je zalo\u017eena na cyklizaci skvalenu (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r47\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Haralampidis, Trojanowska a Osbourn 2002<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Extrakce triterpen\u016f se obvykle prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed methanolu, ethanolu, acetonu, chloroformu, etheru nebo sm\u011bsi t\u011bchto rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel.\u00a0Extrakty mohou b\u00fdt d\u00e1le \u010di\u0161t\u011bny r\u016fzn\u00fdmi separa\u010dn\u00edmi metodami, v\u010detn\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed HPLC\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r19\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">a<\/a>\u00a0HPLC s reverzn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r19\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chen et al. 1999<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r138\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Su et al. 2001<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Prvn\u00edmi triterpeny izolovan\u00fdmi z\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0jsou ganoderov\u00e9 kyseliny A a B, kter\u00e9 identifikovali\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r74\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Kubota et al.\u00a0(1982)<\/a>.\u00a0Od t\u00e9 doby se v\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0vyskytuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 triterpen\u016f se zn\u00e1m\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm a molekul\u00e1rn\u00edmi konfiguracemi\u00a0.\u00a0Mezi nimi bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 nov\u00fdch a jedine\u010dn\u00fdch pro tuto houbu.\u00a0Drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina jsou ganoderic a lucidenic kyseliny, ale tak\u00e9 byly identifikov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed triterpeny, jako ganoderals, ganoderiols a ganodermic kyselin (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r113\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Nishitoba et al. 1984<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r125\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Sato a kol. 1986<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r8\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Budavari 1989<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r43\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Gonzalez a kol 1999.<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r97\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Ma a kol 2002<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Akihisa a kol. 2007<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r182\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Zhou a kol. 2007<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r60\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Jiang a kol. 2008<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r17\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chen a kol. 2010<\/a> ). <i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0je jasn\u011b bohat\u00e1 na triterpeny a je to pr\u00e1v\u011b tato t\u0159\u00edda slou\u010denin, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 bylince jej\u00ed ho\u0159kou chu\u0165 a m\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee j\u00ed prop\u016fj\u010duje r\u016fzn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy, jako je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lipid\u016f a antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.\u00a0Obsah triterpen\u016f se v\u0161ak v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech a f\u00e1z\u00edch r\u016fstu houby li\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Profil r\u016fzn\u00fdch triterpen\u016f v\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0lze pou\u017e\u00edt k odli\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 houby od jin\u00fdch taxonomicky p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch druh\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako podp\u016frn\u00fd d\u016fkaz pro klasifikaci.\u00a0Obsah triterpen\u016f lze tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jako m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko kvality r\u016fzn\u00fdch vzork\u016f ganodermy (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r19\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chen et al. 1999<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r138\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Su et al. 2001<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1435\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi4-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi4-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi4.png 612w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Element\u00e1rn\u00ed anal\u00fdza log-kultivovan\u00fdch\u00a0<i>plodnic G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0odhalila fosfor, oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd, s\u00edra, drasl\u00edk, v\u00e1pn\u00edk a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk jako jejich hlavn\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eky.\u00a0V ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00edch byly tak\u00e9 detekov\u00e1ny \u017eelezo, sod\u00edk, zinek, m\u011b\u010f, mangan a stroncium, stejn\u011b jako t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy olovo, kadmium a rtu\u0165 (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r18\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chen et al. 1998<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Lyofilizovan\u00e9 plody neidentifikovan\u00fdch\u00a0<i>Ganoderma<\/i>\u00a0spp.\u00a0shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 z voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody byly hl\u00e1\u0161eny, \u017ee maj\u00ed obsah miner\u00e1l\u016f 10,2 %, s drasl\u00edkem, v\u00e1pn\u00edkem a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem jako hlavn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r23\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chiu et al. 2000<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee v t\u011bchto vzorc\u00edch nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kadmium ani rtu\u0165.\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 obsahovat a\u017e 72 \u03bcg\/g such\u00e9 hmotnosti selenu (Se;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r31\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Falandysz 2008<\/a>) a dok\u00e1\u017ee biotransformovat 20\u201330 % anorganick\u00e9ho selenu p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho v r\u016fstov\u00e9m substr\u00e1tu na proteiny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed selen (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r27\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Du et al. 2008<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>Ur\u010dit\u00e1 pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na obsahu germania v\u00a0<i>Ganoderma<\/i>\u00a0spp.\u00a0Germanium bylo p\u00e1t\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z hlediska koncentrace (489 \u03bcg\/g) mezi miner\u00e1ly zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi v\u00a0<i>plodnic\u00edch G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0odebran\u00fdch z voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r23\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chiu et al. 2000<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Tento miner\u00e1l je tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomen v \u0159\u00e1du d\u00edl\u016f na miliardu v mnoha potravin\u00e1ch rostlinn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, v\u010detn\u011b \u017een\u0161enu, aloe a \u010desneku (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r107\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Mino et al. 1980<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0A\u010dkoli germanium nen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edm prvkem, v n\u00edzk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch mu byly p\u0159ipisov\u00e1ny imunopotencia\u010dn\u00ed, protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9, antioxida\u010dn\u00ed a antimutagenn\u00ed aktivity (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r73\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Kolesnikov\u00e1, Tuzova a Kozlov 1997<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, a\u010dkoli obsah germania v\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0byl pou\u017eit k podpo\u0159e\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>produkt\u016f, neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 spolehliv\u00e9 d\u016fkazy spojuj\u00edc\u00ed tento prvek se specifick\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ednosy spojen\u00fdmi s houbami.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-943\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-ganoderma-lucidum-benefits-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-ganoderma-lucidum-benefits-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-ganoderma-lucidum-benefits.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0obsahuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k jeho uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9mu l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku, jako jsou proteiny a lektiny.\u00a0Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee\u00a0obsah b\u00edlkovin v su\u0161en\u00e9\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0je kolem 7\u20138 %, co\u017e je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e u mnoha jin\u00fdch hub (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r13\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Chang a Buswell 1996<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r101\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Mau, Lin a Chen 2001<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee bioaktivn\u00ed proteiny p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdm vlastnostem\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0, v\u010detn\u011b LZ-8, imunosupresivn\u00edho proteinu purifikovan\u00e9ho z mycelia (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r147\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Van Der Hem et al. 1995<\/a>\u00a0);\u00a0peptidov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek (GLP) vykazuj\u00edc\u00ed hepatoprotektivn\u00ed a antioxida\u010dn\u00ed aktivity (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r140\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Sun, He a Xie 2004<\/a>;\u00a0Shi, Sun a kol.\u00a02008);\u00a0a 15-kDa antifung\u00e1ln\u00ed protein, ganodermin, kter\u00fd je izolov\u00e1n z\u00a0plodnic\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0(\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r153\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Wang a Ng. 2006<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>Byl zkoum\u00e1n obsah sacharid\u016f a hrub\u00e9 vl\u00e1kniny v su\u0161en\u00e9 houb\u011b a bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee je 26\u201328 % a 59 %, v tomto po\u0159ad\u00ed (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r101\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Mau, Lin a Chen 2001<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Lektiny byly tak\u00e9 izolov\u00e1ny z plodov\u00e9ho t\u011bla a mycelia houby (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r64\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Kawagishi et al. 1997<\/a>\u00a0), v\u010detn\u011b nov\u00e9ho 114-kDa hexamern\u00edho lektinu, o kter\u00e9m bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee jde o glykoprotein s 9,3 % neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho cukru a vykazuj\u00edc\u00ed hemaglutina\u010dn\u00ed aktivitu na pron\u00e1zou o\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 erytrocyty (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r142\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Thakur et al. 2007<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Lektiny (z latinsk\u00e9ho slova\u00a0<i>legere<\/i>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 vyzvednout, vybrat) jsou neenzymatick\u00e9 proteiny nebo glykoproteiny, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sacharidy.\u00a0Mnoho druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at, rostlin a mikroorganism\u016f produkuje lektiny a vykazuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu funkc\u00ed.\u00a0U zv\u00ed\u0159at se nap\u0159\u00edklad lektiny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch proces\u016f a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r154\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Wang, Ng a Ooi 1998<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 byly izolov\u00e1ny z\u00a0<i>G. lucidum,<\/i>\u00a0zahrnuj\u00ed enzymy, jako je metaloprote\u00e1za, kter\u00e1 zpomaluje dobu sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed;\u00a0ergosterolu (provitamin D\u00a0<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0);\u00a0nukleosidy;\u00a0a nukleotidy (adenosin a guanosin;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r156\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Wasser 2005<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r119\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Paterson 2006<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r69\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Kim a Nho (2004)<\/a>\u00a0tak\u00e9 popsali izola\u010dn\u00ed a fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti vysoce specifick\u00e9ho a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho reverzibiln\u00edho inhibitoru \u03b1-glukosid\u00e1zy, SKG-3, z\u00a0<i>plodnic G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0.\u00a0D\u00e1le\u00a0bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno, \u017ee spory\u00a0<i>G. lucidum<\/i>\u00a0obsahuj\u00ed sm\u011bs n\u011bkolika mastn\u00fdch kyselin s dlouh\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b houby (\u00a0<a class=\"bk_pop\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/#\" data-bk-pop-href=\"#ch9_r33\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Fukuzawa et al. 2008<\/a> ).<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK92757\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina hub se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 % hmotnosti vody.\u00a0Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 10 % tvo\u0159\u00ed 10\u201340 % b\u00edlkovin, 2\u20138 % tuk\u016f, 3\u201328 % sacharid\u016f, 3\u201332 % vl\u00e1kniny, 8\u201310 % popela a n\u011bkter\u00fdch vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f, s drasl\u00edkem, v\u00e1pn\u00edkem, fosforem, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem. selen, \u017eelezo, zinek a m\u011b\u010f p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu obsahu miner\u00e1l\u016f (\u00a0Borchers et al. 1999\u00a0).\u00a0P\u0159i studiu net\u011bkav\u00fdch slo\u017eek\u00a0G. lucidum\u00a0bylo <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/?page_id=1455\">...continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1455"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1455"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1638,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1455\/revisions\/1638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}