{"id":674,"date":"2016-10-27T06:39:31","date_gmt":"2016-10-27T06:39:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/?page_id=674"},"modified":"2023-03-01T22:20:20","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T22:20:20","slug":"reishi-a-chitin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/?page_id=674","title":{"rendered":"Reishi a chitin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script src=\"https:\/\/code.responsivevoice.org\/responsivevoice.js?key=zOyPaRpl\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><button id=\"listenButton1\" class=\"responsivevoice-button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Play\" title=\"ResponsiveVoice Tap to Start\/Stop Speech\"><span>&#128266; Zvukov\u00fd p\u0159epis str\u00e1nky<\/span><\/button>\n        <script>\n            listenButton1.onclick = function(){\n                if(responsiveVoice.isPlaying()){\n                    responsiveVoice.cancel();\n                }else{\n                    responsiveVoice.speak(\"Reishi, je jako v\u0161echny houby, nap\u0159. i chaga, tvo\u0159ena chitinem a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi beta-polyglukany vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou st\u011bnu hub. Chitin je polysacharid, kter\u00fd obsahuje dus\u00edk a je slo\u017een\u00fd z molekul N-acetyl-D-glukosaminu, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny 1,4-\u03b2-glykosidickou vazbou. Vedle celul\u00f3zy je chitin nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm polysacharidem na Zemi. Chitin je hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou kutikuly \u010dlenovc\u016f, kter\u00e1 je u n\u011bkter\u00fdch (nap\u0159. u krab\u016f, rak\u016f atd.) pomoc\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00e1pn\u00edku) zpevn\u011bna a p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna v exoskelet (pevnou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kostru). Chemicky je velmi podobn\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1knin\u011b celul\u00f3ze, pouze m\u00e1 na uhl\u00edku m\u00edsto hydroxylov\u00e9 skupiny nav\u00e1zanou skupinu acetamidovou. To umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it vod\u00edkov\u00e9 vazby mezi sousedn\u00edmi polymery\u00a0a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 tak chitinu zv\u00fd\u0161enou pevnost. V\u011bt\u0161ina biologicky aktivn\u00edch terapeutick\u00fdch slo\u017eek reishi (zejm\u00e9na beta-glukany, glykoproteiny, triterpeny a dal\u0161\u00ed polysacharidy s dlouh\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem), jsou uzam\u010deny v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn\u00e1ch chitinu. Slovo uzam\u010deny je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9. Abychom z pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch nebo z biomasov\u00fdch reishi produkt\u016f biologicky aktivn\u00ed slo\u017eky vyt\u011b\u017eili, mus\u00edme nejprve str\u00e1vit chitin. Bohu\u017eel potrava proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159es n\u00e1\u0161 tr\u00e1vic\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle a slo\u017een\u00ed \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edch kyselin, nav\u00edc s rozd\u00edlnou a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivitou enzymu chitin\u00e1zy, br\u00e1n\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edmu str\u00e1ven\u00ed chitinu. Chitin\u00e1zy jsou enzymy rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed polysacharid chitin. Krom\u011b hub jsou produkov\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00fdmi bakteriemi a viry, rostlinami, m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i, \u010dlenovci, nematody a tak\u00e9 obratlovci v\u010detn\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka. Chitin\u00e1zy hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v morfogenezi, parazitismu a v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b. U rostlin a obratlovc\u016f maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 obrannou funkci proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm patogen\u016fm. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u011b v\u0161ech savc\u016f. Jen n\u011bkolik druh\u016f ryb je schopno chitin zcela efektivn\u011b str\u00e1vit. Jedna mal\u00e1 studie zkoumala chitin\u00e1zovou \u010dinnost ve skupin\u011b 25 mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, v\u00fdsledkem bylo to, \u017ee pouze 20% z testovan\u00fdch maj\u00ed dobrou chitin\u00e1zovou aktivitu. U dal\u0161\u00edch 20% bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee maj\u00ed nulovou chitin\u00e1zovou aktivitu a\u00a060% m\u011blo \u0161patnou chitin\u00e1zovou aktivitu. Aktivita enzymu chitin\u00e1zy je zna\u010dn\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost a je d\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm geneticky. To je taky hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci mohou vysledovat p\u0159\u00ednos p\u0159i tabletov\u00e9m (pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9m) pou\u017eit\u00ed reishi, ale jin\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou pozitivn\u00ed reakci organismu poc\u00edtit nemus\u00ed. To se tyk\u00e1 velk\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed. Trochu odbo\u010d\u00edme. Jak bylo ji\u017e pops\u00e1no houby, ale i schr\u00e1nky krab\u016f, rak\u016f a mu\u0161l\u00ed jsou zdrojem chitinu. Z chitinu se mj. z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 polysacharid chitosan. Chitosan je nevst\u0159ebateln\u00fd polysacharid s kladn\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem, kter\u00fd je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jeho mohutn\u00e9 vazebn\u00e9 schopnosti. Chitosan m\u00e1 schopnost z p\u0159ijat\u00e9 potravy odstra\u0148ovat tuky. Nav\u00e1\u017ee je na sebe a odstran\u00ed ze za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edho traktu d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e jsou zpracov\u00e1ny a ulo\u017eeny. Tuky ze stravy se tedy neukl\u00e1daj\u00ed, ale jsou p\u0159irozenou cestou odv\u00e1d\u011bny z t\u011bla ven. Chitosan pat\u0159\u00ed mezi vl\u00e1kniny, je nestraviteln\u00fd a jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st stravy se nevyskytuje. Chitosan je tedy l\u00e1tka nevst\u0159ebateln\u00e1 a bez kalorick\u00e9 hodnoty. Dne\u0161n\u00ed strava je obvykle p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kalorick\u00e1, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tu\u010dn\u00e1 a chud\u00e1 na vl\u00e1kninu. P\u0159i dostate\u010dn\u00e9m d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee chitosan sn\u00ed\u017eit kalorickou hodnotu stravy a tak p\u0159isp\u011bt k redukci nadv\u00e1hy. Chitin samotn\u00fd je tak pevn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, \u017ee se nyn\u00ed pokusn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed houby i jako sou\u010d\u00e1st modern\u00edch stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo i obal\u016f. Ale o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nadv\u00e1hy ani o stavebnictv\u00ed n\u00e1m tady nejde. Zp\u00e1tky k reishi. Mlet\u00ed syrov\u00fdch nebo su\u0161en\u00fdch hub i t\u0159eba na ultrajemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 per or\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace m\u00e1 jen zanedbateln\u00fd efekt. Nem\u016f\u017eete prost\u011b rozb\u00edt bun\u011b\u010dnou strukturu reishi na kusy a o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee u\u017e si s t\u00edm za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trakt pozd\u011bji n\u011bjak porad\u00ed. K naru\u0161en\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 st\u011bny reishi budete pot\u0159ebovat bu\u010f nano-ml\u00fdn nebo nap\u0159. nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu \u201esuperkritick\u00e9ho CO2\u2033, aby se rozbily bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 st\u011bny reishi jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Extrakce hork\u00fdm ethanolem (85% a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed) je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b v sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postupech, nap\u0159. u Shell-broken. T\u00edm se uvoln\u00ed mnoho l\u00e1tek nerozpustn\u00fdch ve vod\u011b. Nepl\u00e9st si to ale s alkoholov\u00fdmi tinkturami ve stylu tzv. \u201edvojit\u00fdch tinktur\u201c nej\u010dast\u011bji z 40-50% vodky. Jednoduch\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed houbov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku do takov\u00e9ho alkoholu nem\u00e1 mnoho efektu. Maxim\u00e1ln\u011b tak uvol\u0148uje zanedbateln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a barvivo. Na rozd\u00edl od celul\u00f3zy\u00a0(u bylinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f),\u00a0chitin nedegraduje v alkoholu. Nemo\u017enost efektivn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chitinu v lidsk\u00e9m organismu je hlavn\u00ed\u00a0d\u016fvod, pro\u010d tradi\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00ednsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, jako je TCM nebo \u00c1jurv\u00e9da, pou\u017e\u00edvaly pouze r\u016fzn\u00e9 odvary (tekut\u00e9 extrakty), kombinovan\u00e9 \u010daje nebo pol\u00e9vky, ale nikdy ne su\u0161en\u00e9 reishi v pr\u00e1\u0161ku, v tinktur\u00e1ch nebo dokonce syrov\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina spot\u0159ebitel\u016f bohu\u017eel nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 znalosti o t\u011bchto biotechnologick\u00fdch detailech a je odk\u00e1z\u00e1na \u010dasto jen na komer\u010dn\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed zdroje informac\u00ed, jako jsou p\u0159\u00edkladn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 multilevelov\u00e9 aktivity. Solidn\u00ed rozbor vyu\u017eitelnosti reishi (ale i jin\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky) p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159. server Supplement facts. Zde lze naj\u00edt i odkazy na dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaly vyu\u017eitelnosti a zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm chitinu v lidsk\u00e9m organismu. Z tohoto serveru taky poch\u00e1z\u00ed pon\u011bkud sarkastick\u00e1 v\u011bta: Houbov\u00e9 produkty z biomasy, tinktury a r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161ky jsou ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tekut\u00fdmi extrakty jen pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00edm pen\u011bzi, nen\u00ed-li va\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem stimulovat va\u0161i stolici (chitin je mj. taky vl\u00e1knina). V mnoha \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch, japonsk\u00fdch a korejsk\u00fdch obchodech, ale nap\u0159. u\u017e i na trz\u00edch v USA a Kanad\u011b se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed extrakty, \u010daje a koncentr\u00e1ty z reishi, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed daleko vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost ne\u017e mnohdy probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky v tobolk\u00e1ch. Nav\u00edc se daj\u00ed tekut\u00e9 formy reishi \u00fa\u010deln\u011b kombinovat s jin\u00fdm bylinn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem \u2013 v\u00edce v Reishi a TCM. Dr. Mark Stengler MD, ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eThe Health Benefits of Medicinal Mushrooms\u201c ud\u011blal zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161echny z nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed o l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch houb\u00e1ch jsou zalo\u017eeny na pou\u017eit\u00ed extrakt\u016f s horkou vodou.\u00a0Imunonutri\u010dn\u00ed polysacharidy, spole\u010dn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 houby, se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uvnit\u0159 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o neline\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo line\u00e1rn\u00ed polysacharidy. D\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee extrakce horkou vodou (digesce) je jedin\u00e1 klinicky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 metoda pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto polysacharid\u016f z jinak nestraviteln\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn. Dokonce i m\u011bkk\u00e9 houby shii-take, jsou p\u0159ipraveny p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b jako hork\u00fd extrakt vody nebo \u010daje. Podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry z klinick\u00e9 praxe, jako Dr. Stengler, zmi\u0148uje i\u00a0presti\u017en\u00ed japonsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, Dr. Fukumi Morishige, MD, Ph.D., kter\u00fd vedl v\u00fdzkum role reishi v boji proti rakovin\u011b v Linus Paulingov\u011b \u00fastavu v Japonsku. Asijsk\u00e1 medic\u00edna pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed a hlavn\u011b stalet\u00edmi prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 metody. K t\u011bm pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 macerace a digesce za prom\u011bnliv\u00fdch teplot a tlak\u016f nebo speci\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed extrakce a kombinace v rostlinn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech zn\u00e1m\u00e9 z TCM. V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b pacient\u016fm extrakt ve form\u011b sirupu nebo \u010daje, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st l\u00e9\u010dby p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch. V Japonsku se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tekut\u00e1 extrakce reishi s v\u00fdta\u017eky ze zelen\u00e9ho \u010daje. Korea nab\u00edz\u00ed postupy v kombinaci reishi se s\u00f3jov\u00fdmi i jin\u00fdmi oleji. \u010caje a p\u0159\u00edpravu odvar\u016f z reishi zmi\u0148uj\u00ed i starov\u011bk\u00e9 taoistick\u00e9 texty o v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b a herb\u00e1ln\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b (jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f tohoto n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zalo\u017eil Lao-c\u2019 v 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159.n.l., je mj. naprost\u00e9 splynut\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka s p\u0159\u00edrodou, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 zajistit nesmrtelnost nebo alespo\u0148 dlouh\u00fd \u017eivot). Na obr\u00e1zku\u00a0Magu, taoistick\u00e1 bohyn\u011b kr\u00e1sy a v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho ml\u00e1d\u00ed, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed broskev, reishi a schizandru, jako symboly dlouhov\u011bkosti, pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed komise EU \u010d. 432\/2012 neumo\u017e\u0148uje popisovat v\u0161echny \u00fa\u010dinky u konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho dopl\u0148ku stravy na lidsk\u00fd organismus. Jako jeden ze zdroj\u016f informac\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 informace nap\u0159. o houb\u011b reishi i jin\u00fdch produktech uveden\u00fdch na tomto serveru, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b obecn\u011b informa\u010dn\u00ed nekomer\u010dn\u00ed charakter a poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, nap\u0159. za pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u016f nebo je p\u0159\u00edmo odkazov\u00e1no na p\u016fvodn\u00ed zdroj informac\u00ed.\", \"Czech Female\");\n                }\n            };\n        <\/script>\n    <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-927 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-hardwood-farm_grande-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-hardwood-farm_grande-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/reishi-hardwood-farm_grande.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Reishi, je jako v\u0161echny houby, nap\u0159. i chaga, tvo\u0159ena chitinem a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi beta-polyglukany vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou st\u011bnu hub. Chitin je polysacharid, kter\u00fd obsahuje dus\u00edk a je slo\u017een\u00fd z molekul N-acetyl-D-glukosaminu, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny 1,4-\u03b2-glykosidickou vazbou. Vedle celul\u00f3zy je chitin nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm polysacharidem na Zemi. Chitin je hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou kutikuly \u010dlenovc\u016f, kter\u00e1 je u n\u011bkter\u00fdch (nap\u0159. u krab\u016f, rak\u016f atd.) pomoc\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00e1pn\u00edku) zpevn\u011bna a p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna v exoskelet (pevnou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kostru). Chemicky je velmi podobn\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1knin\u011b celul\u00f3ze, pouze m\u00e1 na uhl\u00edku m\u00edsto hydroxylov\u00e9 skupiny nav\u00e1zanou skupinu acetamidovou. <span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">To umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it <\/span><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">vod\u00edkov\u00e9 vazby<\/span><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\"> mezi sousedn\u00edmi <\/span><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">polymery<\/span><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">\u00a0a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 tak chitinu zv\u00fd\u0161enou pevnost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1093\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/betaglukany.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u011bt\u0161ina biologicky aktivn\u00edch terapeutick\u00fdch slo\u017eek reishi (zejm\u00e9na beta-glukany, glykoproteiny, triterpeny a dal\u0161\u00ed polysacharidy s dlouh\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem), jsou uzam\u010deny v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn\u00e1ch chitinu. <strong>Slovo uzam\u010deny je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/strong> Abychom z pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch nebo z biomasov\u00fdch reishi produkt\u016f biologicky aktivn\u00ed slo\u017eky vyt\u011b\u017eili, mus\u00edme nejprve str\u00e1vit chitin. Bohu\u017eel potrava proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159es n\u00e1\u0161 tr\u00e1vic\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle a slo\u017een\u00ed \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edch kyselin, nav\u00edc s rozd\u00edlnou a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivitou enzymu chitin\u00e1zy, br\u00e1n\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edmu str\u00e1ven\u00ed chitinu. Chitin\u00e1zy jsou enzymy rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed polysacharid chitin. Krom\u011b hub jsou produkov\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00fdmi bakteriemi a viry, rostlinami, m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i, \u010dlenovci, nematody a tak\u00e9 obratlovci v\u010detn\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka. Chitin\u00e1zy hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v morfogenezi, parazitismu a v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b. U rostlin a obratlovc\u016f maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 obrannou funkci proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm patogen\u016fm. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u011b v\u0161ech savc\u016f. Jen n\u011bkolik druh\u016f ryb je schopno chitin zcela efektivn\u011b str\u00e1vit. Jedna mal\u00e1 studie zkoumala chitin\u00e1zovou \u010dinnost ve skupin\u011b 25 mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f. <span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, v\u00fdsledkem bylo to, \u017ee pouze 20% z testovan\u00fdch maj\u00ed dobrou chitin\u00e1zovou aktivitu. U dal\u0161\u00edch 20% bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee maj\u00ed nulovou chitin\u00e1zovou aktivitu a\u00a0<\/span>60% m\u011blo \u0161patnou chitin\u00e1zovou aktivitu. <strong>Aktivita enzymu chitin\u00e1zy je zna\u010dn\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost a je d\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm geneticky.<\/strong> <strong>To je taky hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci mohou vysledovat p\u0159\u00ednos p\u0159i tabletov\u00e9m (pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9m) pou\u017eit\u00ed reishi, ale jin\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou pozitivn\u00ed reakci organismu poc\u00edtit nemus\u00ed. To se tyk\u00e1 velk\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1458\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi3-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi3-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/reishi3.png 612w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trochu odbo\u010d\u00edme. Jak bylo ji\u017e pops\u00e1no houby, ale i schr\u00e1nky krab\u016f, rak\u016f a mu\u0161l\u00ed jsou zdrojem chitinu. Z chitinu se mj. z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 polysacharid chitosan. Chitosan je nevst\u0159ebateln\u00fd polysacharid s kladn\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem, kter\u00fd je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jeho mohutn\u00e9 vazebn\u00e9 schopnosti. Chitosan m\u00e1 schopnost z p\u0159ijat\u00e9 potravy odstra\u0148ovat tuky. Nav\u00e1\u017ee je na sebe a odstran\u00ed ze za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edho traktu d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e jsou zpracov\u00e1ny a ulo\u017eeny. Tuky ze stravy se tedy neukl\u00e1daj\u00ed, ale jsou p\u0159irozenou cestou odv\u00e1d\u011bny z t\u011bla ven. Chitosan pat\u0159\u00ed mezi vl\u00e1kniny, je nestraviteln\u00fd a jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st stravy se nevyskytuje. Chitosan je tedy l\u00e1tka nevst\u0159ebateln\u00e1 a bez kalorick\u00e9 hodnoty. Dne\u0161n\u00ed strava je obvykle p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kalorick\u00e1, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tu\u010dn\u00e1 a chud\u00e1 na vl\u00e1kninu. P\u0159i dostate\u010dn\u00e9m d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee chitosan sn\u00ed\u017eit kalorickou hodnotu stravy a tak p\u0159isp\u011bt k redukci nadv\u00e1hy. Chitin samotn\u00fd je tak pevn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, \u017ee se nyn\u00ed pokusn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed houby i jako sou\u010d\u00e1st modern\u00edch stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo i obal\u016f. Ale o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nadv\u00e1hy ani o stavebnictv\u00ed n\u00e1m tady nejde. Zp\u00e1tky k reishi.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-931\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi20-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi20-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi20-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi20.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mlet\u00ed syrov\u00fdch nebo su\u0161en\u00fdch hub i t\u0159eba na ultrajemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 per or\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace m\u00e1 jen zanedbateln\u00fd efekt. Nem\u016f\u017eete prost\u011b rozb\u00edt bun\u011b\u010dnou strukturu reishi na kusy a o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee u\u017e si s t\u00edm za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trakt pozd\u011bji n\u011bjak porad\u00ed. K naru\u0161en\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 st\u011bny reishi budete pot\u0159ebovat bu\u010f nano-ml\u00fdn nebo nap\u0159. nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu \u201esuperkritick\u00e9ho CO2\u2033, aby se rozbily bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 st\u011bny reishi jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. <strong>Extrakce hork\u00fdm ethanolem (85% a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed) je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b v sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postupech, nap\u0159. u Shell-broken<\/strong>. T\u00edm se uvoln\u00ed mnoho l\u00e1tek nerozpustn\u00fdch ve vod\u011b. Nepl\u00e9st si to ale s alkoholov\u00fdmi tinkturami ve stylu tzv. \u201edvojit\u00fdch tinktur\u201c nej\u010dast\u011bji z 40-50% vodky. Jednoduch\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed houbov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku do takov\u00e9ho alkoholu nem\u00e1 mnoho efektu. Maxim\u00e1ln\u011b tak uvol\u0148uje zanedbateln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a barvivo. <strong>Na rozd\u00edl od celul\u00f3zy\u00a0(u bylinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f),\u00a0chitin nedegraduje v alkoholu.<\/strong> <strong>Nemo\u017enost efektivn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chitinu v lidsk\u00e9m organismu je hlavn\u00ed\u00a0d\u016fvod, pro\u010d tradi\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00ednsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, jako je TCM nebo \u00c1jurv\u00e9da, pou\u017e\u00edvaly pouze r\u016fzn\u00e9 odvary (tekut\u00e9 extrakty), kombinovan\u00e9 \u010daje nebo pol\u00e9vky, ale nikdy ne su\u0161en\u00e9 reishi v pr\u00e1\u0161ku, v tinktur\u00e1ch nebo dokonce syrov\u00e9. <\/strong>V\u011bt\u0161ina spot\u0159ebitel\u016f bohu\u017eel nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 znalosti o t\u011bchto biotechnologick\u00fdch detailech a je odk\u00e1z\u00e1na \u010dasto jen na komer\u010dn\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed zdroje informac\u00ed, jako jsou p\u0159\u00edkladn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 multilevelov\u00e9 aktivity. Solidn\u00ed rozbor vyu\u017eitelnosti reishi (ale i jin\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky) p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159. server <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Supplement facts<\/span><\/strong>. Zde lze naj\u00edt i odkazy na dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaly vyu\u017eitelnosti a zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm chitinu v lidsk\u00e9m organismu. Z tohoto serveru taky poch\u00e1z\u00ed pon\u011bkud sarkastick\u00e1 v\u011bta: <strong>Houbov\u00e9 produkty z biomasy, tinktury a r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161ky jsou ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tekut\u00fdmi extrakty jen pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00edm pen\u011bzi, nen\u00ed-li va\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem stimulovat va\u0161i stolici (chitin je mj. taky vl\u00e1knina).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-929 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi-Tea-300x228.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi-Tea-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi-Tea-1024x779.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi-Tea-960x730.png 960w, https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Reishi-Tea.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V mnoha \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch, japonsk\u00fdch a korejsk\u00fdch obchodech, ale nap\u0159. u\u017e i na trz\u00edch v USA a Kanad\u011b se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed extrakty, \u010daje a koncentr\u00e1ty z reishi, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed daleko vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost ne\u017e mnohdy probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky v tobolk\u00e1ch. <strong>Nav\u00edc se daj\u00ed tekut\u00e9 formy reishi \u00fa\u010deln\u011b kombinovat s jin\u00fdm bylinn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem \u2013 <\/strong>v\u00edce v Reishi a TCM.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dr. Mark Stengler MD, ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eThe Health Benefits of Medicinal Mushrooms\u201c ud\u011blal zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161echny z nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed o l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch houb\u00e1ch jsou zalo\u017eeny na pou\u017eit\u00ed extrakt\u016f s horkou vodou.\u00a0Imunonutri\u010dn\u00ed polysacharidy, spole\u010dn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 houby, se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uvnit\u0159 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o neline\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo line\u00e1rn\u00ed polysacharidy. D\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee <strong>extrakce horkou vodou (digesce) je jedin\u00e1 klinicky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 metoda pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto polysacharid\u016f z jinak nestraviteln\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch st\u011bn. <\/strong>Dokonce i m\u011bkk\u00e9 houby shii-take, jsou p\u0159ipraveny p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b jako hork\u00fd extrakt vody nebo \u010daje. Podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry z klinick\u00e9 praxe, jako Dr. Stengler, zmi\u0148uje i\u00a0presti\u017en\u00ed japonsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, Dr. Fukumi Morishige, MD, Ph.D., kter\u00fd vedl v\u00fdzkum role reishi v boji proti rakovin\u011b v Linus Paulingov\u011b \u00fastavu v Japonsku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-903 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/magu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"181\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asijsk\u00e1 medic\u00edna pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed a hlavn\u011b stalet\u00edmi prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 metody. K t\u011bm pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 macerace a digesce za prom\u011bnliv\u00fdch teplot a tlak\u016f nebo speci\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed extrakce a kombinace v rostlinn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech zn\u00e1m\u00e9 z TCM. V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b pacient\u016fm extrakt ve form\u011b sirupu nebo \u010daje, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st l\u00e9\u010dby p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch. V Japonsku se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tekut\u00e1 extrakce reishi s v\u00fdta\u017eky ze zelen\u00e9ho \u010daje. Korea nab\u00edz\u00ed postupy v kombinaci reishi se s\u00f3jov\u00fdmi i jin\u00fdmi oleji. \u010caje a p\u0159\u00edpravu odvar\u016f z reishi zmi\u0148uj\u00ed i starov\u011bk\u00e9 taoistick\u00e9 texty o v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b a herb\u00e1ln\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b (jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f tohoto n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zalo\u017eil Lao-c\u2019 v 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159.n.l., je mj. naprost\u00e9 splynut\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka s p\u0159\u00edrodou, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 zajistit nesmrtelnost nebo alespo\u0148 dlouh\u00fd \u017eivot). Na obr\u00e1zku\u00a0Magu, taoistick\u00e1 bohyn\u011b kr\u00e1sy a v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho ml\u00e1d\u00ed, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed broskev, reishi a schizandru, jako symboly dlouhov\u011bkosti, pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed komise EU \u010d. 432\/2012 neumo\u017e\u0148uje popisovat v\u0161echny \u00fa\u010dinky u konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho dopl\u0148ku stravy na lidsk\u00fd organismus. Jako jeden ze zdroj\u016f informac\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 informace nap\u0159. o houb\u011b reishi i jin\u00fdch produktech uveden\u00fdch na tomto serveru, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b obecn\u011b informa\u010dn\u00ed nekomer\u010dn\u00ed charakter a poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, nap\u0159. za pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u016f nebo je p\u0159\u00edmo odkazov\u00e1no na p\u016fvodn\u00ed zdroj informac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reishi, je jako v\u0161echny houby, nap\u0159. i chaga, tvo\u0159ena chitinem a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi beta-polyglukany vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou st\u011bnu hub. Chitin je polysacharid, kter\u00fd obsahuje dus\u00edk a je slo\u017een\u00fd z molekul N-acetyl-D-glukosaminu, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny 1,4-\u03b2-glykosidickou vazbou. Vedle celul\u00f3zy je chitin nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm polysacharidem na Zemi. Chitin je hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou kutikuly \u010dlenovc\u016f, kter\u00e1 je u n\u011bkter\u00fdch (nap\u0159. u krab\u016f, <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/?page_id=674\">...continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/674"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=674"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1674,"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/674\/revisions\/1674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microbox.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}